> NAME

montage - creates a composite image by combining several separate images

> Contents

Synopsis
Description
Examples
Options
X Resources
Environment
Acknowledgement
Authors
Copyright
> Synopsis

montage [ options ...] file [ [ options ...] file ...] output_file

> Description

montage creates a composite image by combining several separate images. The images are tiled on the composite image with the name of the image optionally appearing just below the individual tile.

The composite image is constructed in the following manner. First, each image specified on the command line, except for the last, is scaled to fit the maximum tile size. The maximum tile size by default is 120x120. It can be modified with the -geometry command line argument or X resource. See Options for more information on command line arguments. See X(1) for more information on X resources. Note that the maximum tile size need not be a square. To respect the aspect ratio of each image append ~ to the geometry specification.

Next the composite image is initialized with the color specified by the -background command line argument or X resource. The width and height of the composite image is determined by the title specified, the maximum tile size, the number of tiles per row, the tile border width and height, the image border width, and the label height. The number of tiles per row specifies how many images are to appear in each row of the composite image. The default is to have 5 tiles in each row and 4 tiles in each column of the composite. A specific value is specified with -tile. The tile border width and height, and the image border width defaults to the value of the X resource -borderwidth. It can be changed with the -borderwidth or -geometry command line argument or X resource. The label height is determined by the font you specify with the -font command line argument or X resource. If you do not specify a font, a font is chosen that allows the name of the image to fit the maximum width of a tiled area. The label colors is determined by the -background and -fill command line argument or X resource. Note, that if the background and pen colors are the same, labels will not appear.

Initially, the composite image title is placed at the top if one is specified (refer to -fill). Next, each image is set onto the composite image, surrounded by its border color, with its name centered just below it. The individual images are left-justified within the width of the tiled area. The order of the images is the same as they appear on the command line unless the images have a scene keyword. If a scene number is specified in each image, then the images are tiled onto the composite in the order of their scene number. Finally, the last argument on the command line is the name assigned to the composite image. By default, the image is written in the MIFF format and can be viewed or printed with display.

Note, that if the number of tiles exceeds the default number of 20 (5 per row, 4 per column), more than one composite image is created. To ensure a single image is produced, use -tile to increase the number of tiles to meet or exceed the number of input images.

Finally, to create one or more empty spaces in the sequence of tiles, use the NULL image format.

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> Examples

To create a montage of a cockatoo, a parrot, and a hummingbird and write it to a file called birds, use:

    montage cockatoo.miff parrot.miff hummingbird.miff \
            birds.miff

To tile several bird images so that they are at most 256 pixels in width and 192 pixels in height, surrounded by a red border, and separated by 10 pixels of background color, use:

    montage -geometry 256x192"+1"0"+1"0 -bordercolor \
            red birds.* montage.miff

To create an unlabeled parrot image, 640 by 480 pixels, and surrounded by a border of black, use:

    montage -geometry 640x480 -bordercolor black \
            -label "" parrot.miff
bird.miff

To create an image of an eagle with a textured background, use:

    montage -texture bumps.jpg eagle.jpg eagle.png

To join several GIF images together without any extraneous graphics (e.g. no label, no shadowing, no surrounding tile frame), use:

    montage +frame +shadow +label -tile 5x1 \
            -geometry 50x50+0+0 *.png joined.png

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> Options

Options are processed in command line order. Any option you specify on the command line remains in effect until it is explicitly changed by specifying the option again with a different effect. For example, to montage two images, the first with 32 colors and the second with only 16 colors, use:

     montage -colors 32 cockatoo.1 -colors 16 cockatoo.2 \
             cockatoo.miff

> -adjoin

join images into a single multi-image file

By default, all images of an image sequence are stored in the same file. However, some formats (e.g. JPEG) do not support more than one image and are saved to separate files. Use +adjoin to force this behavior.

> -background color

the background color

> -blur <radius>x<sigma>

blur the image with a gaussian operator

Blur with the given radius and standard deviation (sigma).

> -bordercolor color

the border color

> -borderwidth color

the border width

> -cache threshold

megabytes of memory available to the pixel cache

Image pixels are stored in memory until 80 megabytes of memory have been consumed. Subsequent pixel operations are cached on disk. Operations to memory are significantly faster but if your computer does not have a sufficient amount of free memory you may want to adjust this threshold value.

> -chop <width>x<height>{+-}<x offset>{+-}<y offset>{%}

remove pixels from the interior of an image

The width and height give the number of columns and rows to remove, and the offsets give the location of the leftmost column and topmost row to remove.

The -chop option removes entire rows and columns, and moves the remaining corner blocks leftward and upward to close the gaps.

> -colors value

preferred number of colors in the image

The actual number of colors in the image may be less than your request, but never more. Note, this is a color reduction option. Images with less unique colors than specified with this option will have any duplicate or unused colors removed. Refer to quantize for more details.

Note, options -dither, -colorspace, and -treedepth affect the color reduction algorithm.

> -colorspace value

the type of colorspace

Choices are: GRAY, OHTA, RGB, Transparent, XYZ, YCbCr, YIQ, YPbPr, YUV, or CMYK.

Color reduction, by default, takes place in the RGB color space. Empirical evidence suggests that distances in color spaces such as YUV or YIQ correspond to perceptual color differences more closely than do distances in RGB space. These color spaces may give better results when color reducing an image. Refer to quantize for more details.

The Transparent color space behaves uniquely in that it preserves the matte channel of the image if it exists.

The -colors or -monochrome option is required for this option to take effect.

> -comment string

annotate an image with a comment

Use this option to assign a specific comment to the image. You can include the image filename, type, width, height, or other image attribute by embedding special format characters:
     %b   file size
     %c   comment
     %d   directory
     %e   filename extention
     %f   filename
     %h   height
     %i   input filename
     %k   number of unique colors
     %l   label
     %m   magick
     %n   number of scenes
     %o   output filename
     %p   page number
     %q   quantum depth
     %s   scene number
     %t   top of filename
     %u   unique temporary filename
     %w   width
     %x   x resolution
     %y   y resolution
     \n   newline
     \r   carriage return

For example,
     -comment "%m:%f %wx%h"

produces an image comment of MIFF:bird.miff 512x480 for an image titled bird.miff and whose width is 512 and height is 480.

If the first character of string is @, the image comment is read from a file titled by the remaining characters in the string.

> -compose operator

the type of image composition

By default, each of the composite image pixels are replaced by the corresponding image tile pixel. You can choose an alternate composite operation:
     Over
     In
     Out
     Atop
     Xor
     Plus
     Minus
     Add
     Subtract
     Difference
     Multiply
     Bumpmap
     Copy
     CopyRed
     CopyGreen
     CopyBlue
     CopyOpacity

How each operator behaves is described below.
Over
The result will be the union of the two image shapes, with opaque areas of composite image obscuring image in the region of overlap.
In
The result is simply composite image cut by the shape of image. None of the image data of image will be in the result.
Out
The resulting image is composite image with the shape of image cut out.
Atop
The result is the same shape as image image, with composite image obscuring image where the image shapes overlap. Note this differs from over because the portion of composite image outside image's shape does not appear in the result.
Xor
The result is the image data from both composite image and image that is outside the overlap region. The overlap region will be blank.
Plus
The result is just the sum of the image data. Output values are cropped to 255 (no overflow). This operation is independent of the matte channels.
Minus
The result of composite image - image, with underflow cropped to zero. The matte channel is ignored (set to 255, full coverage).
Add
The result of composite image + image, with overflow wrapping around (mod 256).
Subtract
The result of composite image - image, with underflow wrapping around (mod 256). The add and subtract operators can be used to perform reversible transformations.
Difference
The result of abs(composite image - image). This is useful for comparing two very similar images.
Multiply
The result of composite image * image. This is useful for the creation of drop-shadows.
Bumpmap
The result image shaded by composite image.
Copy
The resulting image is image replaced with composite image. Here the matte information is ignored.
CopyRed
The resulting image is the red layer in image replaced with the red layer in composite image. The other layers are copied untouched.
CopyGreen
The resulting image is the green layer in image replaced with the green layer in composite image. The other layers are copied untouched.
CopyBlue
The resulting image is the blue layer in image replaced with the blue layer in composite image. The other layers are copied untouched.
CopyOpacity
The resulting image is the matte layer in image replaced with the matte layer in composite image. The other layers are copied untouched.

The image compositor requires a matte, or alpha channel in the image for some operations. This extra channel usually defines a mask which represents a sort of a cookie-cutter for the image. This is the case when matte is 255 (full coverage) for pixels inside the shape, zero outside, and between zero and 255 on the boundary. For certain operations, if image does not have a matte channel, it is initialized with 0 for any pixel matching in color to pixel location (0,0), otherwise 255 (to work properly borderwidth must be 0).

> -compress type

the type of image compression

Choices are: None, BZip, Fax, Group4, JPEG, LZW, RLE or Zip.

Specify +compress to store the binary image in an uncompressed format. The default is the compression type of the specified image file.

> -crop <width>x<height>{+-}<x offset>{+-}<y offset>{%}

preferred size and location of the cropped image

See X(1) for details about the geometry specification.

The width and height give the size of the image that remains after cropping, and the offsets give the location of the top left corner of the cropped image with respect to the original image. To specify the amount to be removed, use -shave instead.

To specify a percentage width or height to be removed instead, append %. For example to crop the image by ten percent (five percent on each side of the image), use -crop 10%.

Use cropping to apply image processing options to, or display, a particular area of an image.

Omit the x and y offset to generate one or more subimages of a uniform size.

Use cropping to crop a particular area of an image. Use -crop 0x0 to trim edges that are the background color. Add an x and y offset to leave a portion of the trimmed edges with the image.

> -debug

enable debug printout

> -density <width>x<height>

vertical and horizontal resolution in pixels of the image

This option specifies an image density when decoding a PostScript or Portable Document page. The default is 72 dots per inch in the horizontal and vertical direction. This option is used in concert with -page.

> -depth value

depth of the image

This is the number of bits in a pixel. The only acceptable values are 8 or 16. Use this option to specify the depth of raw images whose depth is unknown such as GRAY, RGB, or CMYK, or to change the depth of any image after it has been read.

> -display host:display[.screen]

specifies the X server to contact

> -dispose method

GIF disposal method

Here are the valid methods:
     0     No disposal specified.
     1     Do not dispose between frames.      
     2     Overwrite frame with background color from header.
     3     Overwrite with previous frame.

> -dither

apply Floyd/Steinberg error diffusion to the image

The basic strategy of dithering is to trade intensity resolution for spatial resolution by averaging the intensities of several neighboring pixels. Images which suffer from severe contouring when reducing colors can be improved with this option.

The -colors or -monochrome option is required for this option to take effect.

Use +dither to render Postscript without text or graphic aliasing.

> -draw string

annotate an image with one or more graphic primitives

Use this option to annotate an image with one or more graphic primitives. The primitives include
     point
     line
     rectangle
     roundRectangle
     arc
     ellipse
     circle
     polyline
     polygon
     bezier
     path
     color
     matte
     text
     image

Point and line each require a single coordinate. Line requires a start and end coordinate, while rectangle expects an upper left and lower right coordinate. roundRectangle has a center coordinate, a width and height, and the width and height of the corners. Circle has a center coordinate and a coordinate for the outer edge. Use Arc to circumscribe an arc within a rectangle. Arcs require a start and end point as well as the degree of rotation (e.g. 130,30 200,100 45,90). Use Ellipse to draw a partial ellipse centered at the given point with the x-axis and y-axis radius and start and end of arc in degrees (e.g. 100,100 100,150 0,360). Finally, polyline and polygon require three or more coordinates to define its boundaries. Coordinates are integers separated by an optional comma. For example, to define a circle centered at 100,100 that extends to 150,150 use:
     -draw 'circle 100,100 150,150'

See Paths. Paths represent an outline of an object which is defined in terms of moveto (set a new current point), lineto (draw a straight line), curveto (draw a curve using a cubic bezier), arc (elliptical or circular arc) and closepath (close the current shape by drawing a line to the last moveto) elements. Compound paths (i.e., a path with subpaths, each consisting of a single moveto followed by one or more line or curve operations) are possible to allow effects such as "donut holes" in objects.

Use color to change the color of a pixel. Follow the pixel coordinate with a method:
     point
     replace
     floodfill
     filltoborder
     reset

Consider the target pixel as that specified by your coordinate. The point method recolors the target pixel. The replace method recolors any pixel that matches the color of the target pixel. Floodfill recolors any pixel that matches the color of the target pixel and is a neighbor, whereas filltoborder recolors any neighbor pixel that is not the border color. Finally, reset recolors all pixels.

Use matte to the change the pixel matte value to transparent. Follow the pixel coordinate with a method (see the color primitive for a description of methods). The point method changes the matte value of the target pixel. The replace method changes the matte value of any pixel that matches the color of the target pixel. Floodfill changes the matte value of any pixel that matches the color of the target pixel and is a neighbor, whereas filltoborder changes the matte value of any neighbor pixel that is not the border color (-bordercolor). Finally reset changes the matte value of all pixels.

Use text to annotate an image with text. Follow the text coordinates with a string. If the string has embedded spaces, enclose it in double quotes. Optionally you can include the image filename, type, width, height, or other image attribute by embedding special format character. See -comment for details.

For example,
     -draw 'text 100,100 "%m:%f %wx%h"'

annotates the image with MIFF:bird.miff 512x480 for an image titled bird.miff and whose width is 512 and height is 480.

Use image to composite an image with another image. Follow the image keyword with the composite operator, image location, image size, and filename:
     -draw 'image Over 100,100 225,225 image.jpg'

See -compose for a description of the composite operators.

If the first character of string is @, the text is read from a file titled by the remaining characters in the string.

You can set the primitive color, font color, and font bounding box color with -fill, -font, and -box respectively. Options are processed in command line order so be sure to use -fill before the -draw option.

> -fill color

color to use when filling a graphic primitive

See -draw for further details.

> -filter type

use this type of filter when resizing an image

Use this option to affect the resizing operation of an image (see -geometry). Choose from these filters:
     Point
     Box
     Triangle
     Hermite
     Hanning
     Hamming
     Blackman
     Gaussian
     Quadratic
     Cubic
     Catrom
     Mitchell
     Lanczos
     Bessel
     Sinc

The default filter is Lanczos

> -font name

use this font when annotating the image with text

You can tag a font to specify whether it is a Postscript, Truetype, or OPTION1 font. For example, Arial.ttf is a Truetype font, ps:helvetica is Postscript, and x:fixed is OPTION1.

> -frame <width>x<height>+<outer bevel width>+<inner bevel width>

surround the image with an ornamental border

See X(1) for details about the geometry specification.

The color of the border is specified with the -mattecolor command line option.

> -gamma value

level of gamma correction

The same color image displayed on two different workstations may look different due to differences in the display monitor. Use gamma correction to adjust for this color difference. Reasonable values extend from 0.8 to 2.3.

You can apply separate gamma values to the red, green, and blue channels of the image with a gamma value list delineated with slashes (i.e. 1.7/2.3/1.2).

Use +gamma value to set the image gamma level without actually adjusting the image pixels. This option is useful if the image is of a known gamma but not set as an image attribute (e.g. PNG images).

> -geometry <width>x<height>{+-}<x offset>{+-}<y offset>{%}{@}{!}{<}{>}

preferred size and location of the Image window.

See X(1) for details about the geometry specification. By default, the window size is the image size and the location is chosen by you when it is mapped.

By default, the width and height are maximum values. That is, the image is expanded or contracted to fit the width and height value while maintaining the aspect ratio of the image. Append an exclamation point to the geometry to force the image size to exactly the size you specify. For example, if you specify 640x480! the image width is set to 640 pixels and height to 480. If only one factor is specified, both the width and height assume the value.

To specify a percentage width or height instead, append %. The image size is multiplied by the width and height percentages to obtain the final image dimensions. To increase the size of an image, use a value greater than 100 (e.g. 125%). To decrease an image's size, use a percentage less than 100.

Use @ to specify the maximum area in pixels of an image.

Use > to change the dimensions of the image only if its size exceeds the geometry specification. < resizes the image only if its dimensions is less than the geometry specification. For example, if you specify '640x480>' and the image size is 512x512, the image size does not change. However, if the image is 1024x1024, it is resized to 640x480.

Use < to change the dimensions of the image only if its size exceeds the geometry specification. > resizes the image only if its dimensions is less than the geometry specification. For example, if you specify 640x480> and the image size is 512x512, the image size does not change. However, if the image is 1024x1024, it is resized to 640x480.

There are 72 pixels per inch in PostScript coordinates.

> -gravity type

direction text gravitates to when annotating the image.

Choices are: NorthWest, North, NorthEast, West, Center, East, SouthWest, South, SouthEast. See X(1) for details about the gravity specification.

The direction you choose specifies where to position the text when annotating the image. For example Center gravity forces the text to be centered within the image. By default, the image gravity is NorthWest.

> -help

print usage instructions

> -interlace type

the type of interlacing scheme

Choices are: None, Line, Plane, or Partition. The default is None.

This option is used to specify the type of interlacing scheme for raw image formats such as RGB or YUV. None means do not interlace (RGBRGBRGBRGBRGBRGB...), Line uses scanline interlacing (RRR...GGG...BBB...RRR...GGG...BBB...), and Plane uses plane interlacing (RRRRRR...GGGGGG...BBBBBB...). Partition is like plane except the different planes are saved to individual files (e.g. image.R, image.G, and image.B).

Use Line, or Plane to create an interlaced PNG or GIF or progressive JPEG image.

> -label name

assign a label to an image

Use this option to assign a specific label to the image. Optionally you can include the image filename, type, width, height, or other image attribute by embedding special format character. See -comment for details.

For example,
     -label "%m:%f %wx%h"

produces an image label of MIFF:bird.miff 512x480 for an image titled bird.miff and whose width is 512 and height is 480.

If the first character of string is @, the image label is read from a file titled by the remaining characters in the string.

When converting to PostScript, use this option to specify a header string to print above the image. Specify the label font with -font.

> -matte

store matte channel if the image has one

If the image does not have a matte channel, create an opaque one.

> -mattecolor color

specify the matte color

> -mode value

mode of operation

> -monochrome

transform the image to black and white

> -page <width>x<height>{+-}<x offset>{+-}<y offset>{%}{!}{<}{>}

size and location of an image canvas

Use this option to specify the dimensions of the PostScript page in dots per inch or a TEXT page in pixels. The choices for a Postscript page are:
     11x17         792  1224 
     Ledger       1224   792    
     Legal         612  1008
     Letter        612   792
     LetterSmall   612   792
     ArchE        2592  3456
     ArchD        1728  2592
     ArchC        1296  1728
     ArchB         864  1296
     ArchA         648   864
     A0           2380  3368
     A1           1684  2380
     A2           1190  1684
     A3            842  1190
     A4            595   842
     A4Small       595   842
     A5            421   595
     A6            297   421
     A7            210   297
     A8            148   210
     A9            105   148
     A10            74   105
     B0           2836  4008
     B1           2004  2836
     B2           1418  2004
     B3           1002  1418
     B4            709  1002
     B5            501   709
     C0           2600  3677
     C1           1837  2600
     C2           1298  1837
     C3            918  1298
     C4            649   918
     C5            459   649
     C6            323   459
     Flsa          612   936 
     Flse          612   936
     HalfLetter    396   612

For convenience you can specify the page size by media (e.g. A4, Ledger, etc.). Otherwise, -page behaves much like -geometry (e.g. -page letter+43+43>).

To position a GIF image, use -page{+-}<x offset>{+-}<y offset> (e.g. -page +100+200).

For a Postscript page, the image is sized as in -geometry and positioned relative to the lower left hand corner of the page by {+-}<xoffset>{+-}<y offset>. Use -page 612x792>, for example, to center the image within the page. If the image size exceeds the Postscript page, it is reduced to fit the page.

The default page dimensions for a TEXT image is 612x792.

This option is used in concert with -density.

> -pen color

specify the pen color for drawing operations

> -pointsize value

pointsize of the Postscript, OPTION1, or TrueType font

> -quality value

JPEG/MIFF/PNG compression level

For the JPEG image format, quality is 0 (worst) to 100 (best). The default quality is 75.

Quality for the MIFF and PNG image format sets the amount of image compression (quality / 10) and filter-type (quality % 10). Compression quality values range from 0 (worst) to 100 (best). If filter-type is 4 or less, the specified filter-type is used for all scanlines:
     0: none
     1: sub
     2: up
     3: average
     4: Paeth

If filter-type is 5, adaptive filtering is used when quality is greater than 50 and the image does not have a color map, otherwise no filtering is used.

If filter-type is 6 or more, adaptive filtering with minimum-sum-of-absolute-values is used.

The default is quality is 75. Which means nearly the best compression with adaptive filtering.

For further information, see the PNG specification.

> -rotate degrees{<}{>}

apply Paeth image rotation to the image

Use > to rotate the image only if its width exceeds the height. < rotates the image only if its width is less than the height. For example, if you specify -90> and the image size is 480x640, the image is not rotated by the specified angle. However, if the image is 640x480, it is rotated by -90 degrees.

Empty triangles left over from rotating the image are filled with the color defined as background (class backgroundColor). See X(1) for details.

> -scene value{-value}

image scene number or range

Use this option to specify an image sequence with a single filename. See the discussion of file below for details.

> -shadow <radius>x<sigma>

shadow the montage

> -sharpen <radius>x<sigma>

sharpen the image

Use a gaussian operator of the given radius and standard deviation (sigma).

> -size <width>x<height>{+offset}

width and height of the image

Use this option to specify the width and height of raw images whose dimensions are unknown such as GRAY, RGB, or CMYK. In addition to width and height, use -size with an offset to skip any header information in the image or tell the number of colors in a MAP image file, (e.g. -size 640x512+256).

For Photo CD images, choose from these sizes:
     192x128
     384x256
     768x512
     1536x1024
     3072x2048

Finally, use this option to choose a particular resolution layer of a JBIG or JPEG image (e.g. -size 1024x768).

> -stroke color

color to use when stroking a graphic primitive

See -draw for further details.

> -strokewidth value

set the stroke width

See -draw for further details.

> -texture filename

name of texture to tile onto the image background

> -tile geometry

layout of images

> -title "string"

assign a title to the displayed image

Use this option to assign a specific title to the image. This is assigned to the image window and is typically displayed in the window title bar. Optionally you can include the image filename, type, width, height, or other image attribute by embedding special format characters:
     %b file size
     %c comment
     %d directory
     %e filename extention
     %f filename
     %h height
     %i input filename
     %k number of unique colors
     %l label
     %m magick
     %n number of scenes
     %o output filename
     %p page number
     %q quantum depth
     %s scene number
     %t top of filename
     %u unique temporary filename
     %w width
     %x x resolution
     %y y resolution
     \n newline
     \r carriage return

For example,
     -title "%m:%f %wx%h"

produces an image title of MIFF:bird.miff 512x480 for an image titled bird.miff and whose width is 512 and height is 480.

> -transparent color

make this color transparent within the image

> -treedepth value

tree depth for the color reduction algorithm

Normally, this integer value is zero or one. A zero or one tells display to choose an optimal tree depth for the color reduction algorithm

An optimal depth generally allows the best representation of the source image with the fastest computational speed and the least amount of memory. However, the default depth is inappropriate for some images. To assure the best representation, try values between 2 and 8 for this parameter. Refer to quantize for more details.

The -colors or -monochrome option is required for this option to take effect.

> -type type

the image type

Choose from: Bilevel, Grayscale, Palette, PaletteMatte, TrueColor, TrueColorMatte, ColorSeparation, ColorSeparationMatte, or Optimize.

> -verbose

print detailed information about the image

This information is printed: image scene number; image name; image size; the image class (DirectClass or PseudoClass); the total number of unique colors; and the number of seconds to read and transform the image. Refer to miff for a description of the image class.

If -colors is also specified, the total unique colors in the image and color reduction error values are printed. Refer to quantize for a description of these values.

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> Files and Formats

By default, the image format is determined by its magic number. To specify a particular image format, precede the filename with an image format name and a colon (i.e. ps:image) or specify the image type as the filename suffix (e.g. image.ps). See convert(1) for a list of valid image formats.

When you specify X as your image type, the filename has special meaning. It specifies an X window by id, name, or root. If no filename is specified, the window is selected by clicking the mouse in the desired window.

Specify file as - for standard input, output_file as - for standard output. If file has the extension .Z or .gz, the file is uncompressed with uncompress or gunzip respectively. If output_file has the extension compress or gzip respectively. Finally, precede the image file name with | to pipe to or from a system command.

Use an optional index enclosed in brackets after a file name to specify a desired subimage of a multi-resolution image format like Photo CD (e.g. img0001.pcd[4]) or a range for MPEG images (e.g. video.mpg[50-75]). A subimage specification can be disjoint (e.g. image.tiff[2,7,4]). For raw images, specify a subimage with a geometry (e.g. -size 640x512 image.rgb[320x256+50+50]).

Single images are written with the filename you specify. However, multi-part images (i.e. a multi-page PostScript document with +adjoin specified) are written with the filename followed by a period (.) and the scene number. You can change this behavior by embedding a printf format specification in the file name. For example,

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; image%02d.miff
montages files image00.miff, image01.miff, etc.

Prepend an at sign @ to a filename to read a list of image filenames from that file. This is convenient in the event you have too many image filenames to fit on the command line.

Note, a composite MIFF image displayed to an X server with display behaves differently than other images. You can think of the composite as a visual image directory. Choose a particular tile of the composite and press a button to display it. See display(1) and miff(5)

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> X Resources

Montage options can appear on the command line or in your X resource file. Options on the command line supersede values specified in your X resource file. See X(1) for more information on X resources.

All montage options have a corresponding X resource. In addition, montage uses the following X resources:


> background (class Background)

background color

Specifies the preferred color to use for the composite image background. The default is #ccc.


> borderColor (class BorderColor)

border color

Specifies the preferred color to use for the composite image border. The default is #ccc.


> borderWidth (class BorderWidth)

border width

Specifies the width in pixels of the composite image border. The default is 2.


> font (class Font)

font to use

Specifies the name of the preferred font to use when displaying text within the composite image. The default is 9x15, fixed, or 5x8 determined by the composite image size.


> matteColor (class MatteColor)

color of the frame

Specify the color of an image frame. A 3D effect is achieved by using highlight and shadow colors derived from this color. The default value is #697B8F.


> pen (class Pen)

text color

Specifies the preferred color to use for text within the composite image. The default is black.


> title (class Title)

composite image title

This resource specifies the title to be placed at the top of the composite image. The default is not to place a title at the top of the composite image.

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> Environment


> DISPLAY

To get the default host, display number, and screen.

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> Acknowledgements

The MIT X Consortium for making network transparent graphics a reality.

Michael Halle, Spatial Imaging Group at MIT, for the initial implementation of Alan Paeth's image rotation algorithm.

David Pensak, ImageMagick Studio, for providing a computing environment that made this program possible.

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>Authors
John Cristy, magick-users@imagemagick.org, ImageMagick Studio LLC.
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>Copyright
Copyright (C) 2002 ImageMagick Studio

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files ("ImageMagick"), to deal in ImageMagick without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of ImageMagick, and to permit persons to whom the ImageMagick is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of ImageMagick.

The software is provided "as is", without warranty of any kind, express or implied, including but not limited to the warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose and noninfringement.In no event shall ImageMagick Studio be liable for any claim, damages or other liability, whether in an action of contract, tort or otherwise, arising from, out of or in connection with ImageMagick or the use or other dealings in ImageMagick.

Except as contained in this notice, the name of the ImageMagick Studio LLC shall not be used in advertising or otherwise to promote the sale, use or other dealings in ImageMagick without prior written authorization from the ImageMagick Studio.

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