001    /*
002     * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
003     * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
004     * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
005     * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
006     * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
007     * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
008     * 
009     *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
010     * 
011     * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
012     * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
013     * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
014     * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
015     * limitations under the License.
016     */
017    package org.apache.commons.math.linear;
018    
019    import java.util.Arrays;
020    import java.util.Random;
021    
022    import junit.framework.Test;
023    import junit.framework.TestCase;
024    import junit.framework.TestSuite;
025    
026    import org.apache.commons.math.TestUtils;
027    
028    /**
029     * Test cases for the {@link BlockRealMatrix} class.
030     *
031     * @version $Revision: 790243 $ $Date: 2009-07-01 12:03:28 -0400 (Wed, 01 Jul 2009) $
032     */
033    
034    public final class BlockRealMatrixTest extends TestCase {
035        
036        // 3 x 3 identity matrix
037        protected double[][] id = { {1d,0d,0d}, {0d,1d,0d}, {0d,0d,1d} };
038        
039        // Test data for group operations
040        protected double[][] testData = { {1d,2d,3d}, {2d,5d,3d}, {1d,0d,8d} };
041        protected double[][] testDataLU = {{2d, 5d, 3d}, {.5d, -2.5d, 6.5d}, {0.5d, 0.2d, .2d}};
042        protected double[][] testDataPlus2 = { {3d,4d,5d}, {4d,7d,5d}, {3d,2d,10d} };
043        protected double[][] testDataMinus = { {-1d,-2d,-3d}, {-2d,-5d,-3d}, 
044           {-1d,0d,-8d} };
045        protected double[] testDataRow1 = {1d,2d,3d};
046        protected double[] testDataCol3 = {3d,3d,8d};
047        protected double[][] testDataInv = 
048            { {-40d,16d,9d}, {13d,-5d,-3d}, {5d,-2d,-1d} };
049        protected double[] preMultTest = {8,12,33};
050        protected double[][] testData2 ={ {1d,2d,3d}, {2d,5d,3d}};
051        protected double[][] testData2T = { {1d,2d}, {2d,5d}, {3d,3d}};
052        protected double[][] testDataPlusInv = 
053            { {-39d,18d,12d}, {15d,0d,0d}, {6d,-2d,7d} };
054        
055        // lu decomposition tests
056        protected double[][] luData = { {2d,3d,3d}, {0d,5d,7d}, {6d,9d,8d} };
057        protected double[][] luDataLUDecomposition = { {6d,9d,8d}, {0d,5d,7d},
058                {0.33333333333333,0d,0.33333333333333} };
059        
060        // singular matrices
061        protected double[][] singular = { {2d,3d}, {2d,3d} };
062        protected double[][] bigSingular = {{1d,2d,3d,4d}, {2d,5d,3d,4d},
063            {7d,3d,256d,1930d}, {3d,7d,6d,8d}}; // 4th row = 1st + 2nd
064        protected double[][] detData = { {1d,2d,3d}, {4d,5d,6d}, {7d,8d,10d} };
065        protected double[][] detData2 = { {1d, 3d}, {2d, 4d}};
066        
067        // vectors
068        protected double[] testVector = {1,2,3};
069        protected double[] testVector2 = {1,2,3,4};
070        
071        // submatrix accessor tests
072        protected double[][] subTestData = {{1, 2, 3, 4}, {1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5},
073                {2, 4, 6, 8}, {4, 5, 6, 7}}; 
074        // array selections
075        protected double[][] subRows02Cols13 = { {2, 4}, {4, 8}};
076        protected double[][] subRows03Cols12 = { {2, 3}, {5, 6}};
077        protected double[][] subRows03Cols123 = { {2, 3, 4} , {5, 6, 7}};
078        // effective permutations
079        protected double[][] subRows20Cols123 = { {4, 6, 8} , {2, 3, 4}};
080        protected double[][] subRows31Cols31 = {{7, 5}, {4.5, 2.5}};
081        // contiguous ranges
082        protected double[][] subRows01Cols23 = {{3,4} , {3.5, 4.5}};
083        protected double[][] subRows23Cols00 = {{2} , {4}};
084        protected double[][] subRows00Cols33 = {{4}};
085        // row matrices
086        protected double[][] subRow0 = {{1,2,3,4}};
087        protected double[][] subRow3 = {{4,5,6,7}};
088        // column matrices
089        protected double[][] subColumn1 = {{2}, {2.5}, {4}, {5}};
090        protected double[][] subColumn3 = {{4}, {4.5}, {8}, {7}};
091        
092        // tolerances
093        protected double entryTolerance = 10E-16;
094        protected double normTolerance = 10E-14;
095        
096        public BlockRealMatrixTest(String name) {
097            super(name);
098        }
099        
100        public static Test suite() {
101            TestSuite suite = new TestSuite(BlockRealMatrixTest.class);
102            suite.setName("BlockRealMatrix Tests");
103            return suite;
104        }
105        
106        /** test dimensions */
107        public void testDimensions() {
108            BlockRealMatrix m = new BlockRealMatrix(testData);
109            BlockRealMatrix m2 = new BlockRealMatrix(testData2);
110            assertEquals("testData row dimension",3,m.getRowDimension());
111            assertEquals("testData column dimension",3,m.getColumnDimension());
112            assertTrue("testData is square",m.isSquare());
113            assertEquals("testData2 row dimension",m2.getRowDimension(),2);
114            assertEquals("testData2 column dimension",m2.getColumnDimension(),3);
115            assertTrue("testData2 is not square",!m2.isSquare());
116        } 
117        
118        /** test copy functions */
119        public void testCopyFunctions() {
120            Random r = new Random(66636328996002l);
121            BlockRealMatrix m1 = createRandomMatrix(r, 47, 83);
122            BlockRealMatrix m2 = new BlockRealMatrix(m1.getData());
123            assertEquals(m1, m2);
124            BlockRealMatrix m3 = new BlockRealMatrix(testData);
125            BlockRealMatrix m4 = new BlockRealMatrix(m3.getData());
126            assertEquals(m3, m4);
127        }           
128        
129        /** test add */
130        public void testAdd() {
131            BlockRealMatrix m = new BlockRealMatrix(testData);
132            BlockRealMatrix mInv = new BlockRealMatrix(testDataInv);
133            RealMatrix mPlusMInv = m.add(mInv);
134            double[][] sumEntries = mPlusMInv.getData();
135            for (int row = 0; row < m.getRowDimension(); row++) {
136                for (int col = 0; col < m.getColumnDimension(); col++) {
137                    assertEquals("sum entry entry",
138                        testDataPlusInv[row][col],sumEntries[row][col],
139                            entryTolerance);
140                }
141            }    
142        }
143        
144        /** test add failure */
145        public void testAddFail() {
146            BlockRealMatrix m = new BlockRealMatrix(testData);
147            BlockRealMatrix m2 = new BlockRealMatrix(testData2);
148            try {
149                m.add(m2);
150                fail("IllegalArgumentException expected");
151            } catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
152                // ignored
153            }
154        }
155        
156        /** test norm */
157        public void testNorm() {
158            BlockRealMatrix m = new BlockRealMatrix(testData);
159            BlockRealMatrix m2 = new BlockRealMatrix(testData2);
160            assertEquals("testData norm",14d,m.getNorm(),entryTolerance);
161            assertEquals("testData2 norm",7d,m2.getNorm(),entryTolerance);
162        }
163        
164        /** test Frobenius norm */
165        public void testFrobeniusNorm() {
166            BlockRealMatrix m = new BlockRealMatrix(testData);
167            BlockRealMatrix m2 = new BlockRealMatrix(testData2);
168            assertEquals("testData Frobenius norm", Math.sqrt(117.0), m.getFrobeniusNorm(), entryTolerance);
169            assertEquals("testData2 Frobenius norm", Math.sqrt(52.0), m2.getFrobeniusNorm(), entryTolerance);
170        }
171        
172         /** test m-n = m + -n */
173        public void testPlusMinus() {
174            BlockRealMatrix m = new BlockRealMatrix(testData);
175            BlockRealMatrix m2 = new BlockRealMatrix(testDataInv);
176            assertClose(m.subtract(m2), m2.scalarMultiply(-1d).add(m), entryTolerance);        
177            try {
178                m.subtract(new BlockRealMatrix(testData2));
179                fail("Expecting illegalArgumentException");
180            } catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
181                // ignored
182            }      
183        }
184       
185        /** test multiply */
186         public void testMultiply() {
187            BlockRealMatrix m = new BlockRealMatrix(testData);
188            BlockRealMatrix mInv = new BlockRealMatrix(testDataInv);
189            BlockRealMatrix identity = new BlockRealMatrix(id);
190            BlockRealMatrix m2 = new BlockRealMatrix(testData2);
191            assertClose(m.multiply(mInv), identity, entryTolerance);
192            assertClose(mInv.multiply(m), identity, entryTolerance);
193            assertClose(m.multiply(identity), m, entryTolerance);
194            assertClose(identity.multiply(mInv), mInv, entryTolerance);
195            assertClose(m2.multiply(identity), m2, entryTolerance); 
196            try {
197                m.multiply(new BlockRealMatrix(bigSingular));
198                fail("Expecting illegalArgumentException");
199            } catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
200                // expected
201            }      
202        }
203    
204        public void testSeveralBlocks() {
205    
206            RealMatrix m = new BlockRealMatrix(35, 71);
207            for (int i = 0; i < m.getRowDimension(); ++i) {
208                for (int j = 0; j < m.getColumnDimension(); ++j) {
209                    m.setEntry(i, j, i + j / 1024.0);
210                }
211            }
212    
213            RealMatrix mT = m.transpose();
214            assertEquals(m.getRowDimension(), mT.getColumnDimension());
215            assertEquals(m.getColumnDimension(), mT.getRowDimension());
216            for (int i = 0; i < mT.getRowDimension(); ++i) {
217                for (int j = 0; j < mT.getColumnDimension(); ++j) {
218                    assertEquals(m.getEntry(j, i), mT.getEntry(i, j), 0);
219                }
220            }
221    
222            RealMatrix mPm = m.add(m);
223            for (int i = 0; i < mPm.getRowDimension(); ++i) {
224                for (int j = 0; j < mPm.getColumnDimension(); ++j) {
225                    assertEquals(2 * m.getEntry(i, j), mPm.getEntry(i, j), 0);
226                }
227            }
228    
229            RealMatrix mPmMm = mPm.subtract(m);
230            for (int i = 0; i < mPmMm.getRowDimension(); ++i) {
231                for (int j = 0; j < mPmMm.getColumnDimension(); ++j) {
232                    assertEquals(m.getEntry(i, j), mPmMm.getEntry(i, j), 0);
233                }
234            }
235    
236            RealMatrix mTm = mT.multiply(m);
237            for (int i = 0; i < mTm.getRowDimension(); ++i) {
238                for (int j = 0; j < mTm.getColumnDimension(); ++j) {
239                    double sum = 0;
240                    for (int k = 0; k < mT.getColumnDimension(); ++k) {
241                        sum += (k + i / 1024.0) * (k + j / 1024.0);
242                    }
243                    assertEquals(sum, mTm.getEntry(i, j), 0);
244                }
245            }
246    
247            RealMatrix mmT = m.multiply(mT);
248            for (int i = 0; i < mmT.getRowDimension(); ++i) {
249                for (int j = 0; j < mmT.getColumnDimension(); ++j) {
250                    double sum = 0;
251                    for (int k = 0; k < m.getColumnDimension(); ++k) {
252                        sum += (i + k / 1024.0) * (j + k / 1024.0);
253                    }
254                    assertEquals(sum, mmT.getEntry(i, j), 0);
255                }
256            }
257    
258            RealMatrix sub1 = m.getSubMatrix(2, 9, 5, 20);
259            for (int i = 0; i < sub1.getRowDimension(); ++i) {
260                for (int j = 0; j < sub1.getColumnDimension(); ++j) {
261                    assertEquals((i + 2) + (j + 5) / 1024.0, sub1.getEntry(i, j), 0);
262                }
263            }
264    
265            RealMatrix sub2 = m.getSubMatrix(10, 12, 3, 70);
266            for (int i = 0; i < sub2.getRowDimension(); ++i) {
267                for (int j = 0; j < sub2.getColumnDimension(); ++j) {
268                    assertEquals((i + 10) + (j + 3) / 1024.0, sub2.getEntry(i, j), 0);
269                }
270            }
271    
272            RealMatrix sub3 = m.getSubMatrix(30, 34, 0, 5);
273            for (int i = 0; i < sub3.getRowDimension(); ++i) {
274                for (int j = 0; j < sub3.getColumnDimension(); ++j) {
275                    assertEquals((i + 30) + (j + 0) / 1024.0, sub3.getEntry(i, j), 0);
276                }
277            }
278    
279            RealMatrix sub4 = m.getSubMatrix(30, 32, 62, 65);
280            for (int i = 0; i < sub4.getRowDimension(); ++i) {
281                for (int j = 0; j < sub4.getColumnDimension(); ++j) {
282                    assertEquals((i + 30) + (j + 62) / 1024.0, sub4.getEntry(i, j), 0);
283                }
284            }
285    
286        }
287    
288        //Additional Test for BlockRealMatrixTest.testMultiply
289    
290        private double[][] d3 = new double[][] {{1,2,3,4},{5,6,7,8}};
291        private double[][] d4 = new double[][] {{1},{2},{3},{4}};
292        private double[][] d5 = new double[][] {{30},{70}};
293         
294        public void testMultiply2() { 
295           RealMatrix m3 = new BlockRealMatrix(d3);   
296           RealMatrix m4 = new BlockRealMatrix(d4);
297           RealMatrix m5 = new BlockRealMatrix(d5);
298           assertClose(m3.multiply(m4), m5, entryTolerance);
299       }  
300            
301        /** test trace */
302        public void testTrace() {
303            RealMatrix m = new BlockRealMatrix(id);
304            assertEquals("identity trace",3d,m.getTrace(),entryTolerance);
305            m = new BlockRealMatrix(testData2);
306            try {
307                m.getTrace();
308                fail("Expecting NonSquareMatrixException");
309            } catch (NonSquareMatrixException ex) {
310                // ignored
311            }      
312        }
313        
314        /** test scalarAdd */
315        public void testScalarAdd() {
316            RealMatrix m = new BlockRealMatrix(testData);
317            assertClose(new BlockRealMatrix(testDataPlus2), m.scalarAdd(2d), entryTolerance);
318        }
319                        
320        /** test operate */
321        public void testOperate() {
322            RealMatrix m = new BlockRealMatrix(id);
323            assertClose(testVector, m.operate(testVector), entryTolerance);
324            assertClose(testVector, m.operate(new ArrayRealVector(testVector)).getData(), entryTolerance);
325            m = new BlockRealMatrix(bigSingular);
326            try {
327                m.operate(testVector);
328                fail("Expecting illegalArgumentException");
329            } catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
330                // ignored
331            }      
332        }
333    
334        public void testOperateLarge() {
335            int p = (7 * BlockRealMatrix.BLOCK_SIZE) / 2;
336            int q = (5 * BlockRealMatrix.BLOCK_SIZE) / 2;
337            int r =  3 * BlockRealMatrix.BLOCK_SIZE;
338            Random random = new Random(111007463902334l);
339            RealMatrix m1 = createRandomMatrix(random, p, q);
340            RealMatrix m2 = createRandomMatrix(random, q, r);
341            RealMatrix m1m2 = m1.multiply(m2);
342            for (int i = 0; i < r; ++i) {
343                checkArrays(m1m2.getColumn(i), m1.operate(m2.getColumn(i)));
344            }
345        }
346    
347        public void testOperatePremultiplyLarge() {
348            int p = (7 * BlockRealMatrix.BLOCK_SIZE) / 2;
349            int q = (5 * BlockRealMatrix.BLOCK_SIZE) / 2;
350            int r =  3 * BlockRealMatrix.BLOCK_SIZE;
351            Random random = new Random(111007463902334l);
352            RealMatrix m1 = createRandomMatrix(random, p, q);
353            RealMatrix m2 = createRandomMatrix(random, q, r);
354            RealMatrix m1m2 = m1.multiply(m2);
355            for (int i = 0; i < p; ++i) {
356                checkArrays(m1m2.getRow(i), m2.preMultiply(m1.getRow(i)));
357            }
358        }
359    
360        /** test issue MATH-209 */
361        public void testMath209() {
362            RealMatrix a = new BlockRealMatrix(new double[][] {
363                    { 1, 2 }, { 3, 4 }, { 5, 6 }
364            });
365            double[] b = a.operate(new double[] { 1, 1 });
366            assertEquals(a.getRowDimension(), b.length);
367            assertEquals( 3.0, b[0], 1.0e-12);
368            assertEquals( 7.0, b[1], 1.0e-12);
369            assertEquals(11.0, b[2], 1.0e-12);
370        }
371        
372        /** test transpose */
373        public void testTranspose() {
374            RealMatrix m = new BlockRealMatrix(testData); 
375            RealMatrix mIT = new LUDecompositionImpl(m).getSolver().getInverse().transpose();
376            RealMatrix mTI = new LUDecompositionImpl(m.transpose()).getSolver().getInverse();
377            assertClose(mIT, mTI, normTolerance);
378            m = new BlockRealMatrix(testData2);
379            RealMatrix mt = new BlockRealMatrix(testData2T);
380            assertClose(mt, m.transpose(), normTolerance);
381        }
382        
383        /** test preMultiply by vector */
384        public void testPremultiplyVector() {
385            RealMatrix m = new BlockRealMatrix(testData);
386            assertClose(m.preMultiply(testVector), preMultTest, normTolerance);
387            assertClose(m.preMultiply(new ArrayRealVector(testVector).getData()),
388                        preMultTest, normTolerance);
389            m = new BlockRealMatrix(bigSingular);
390            try {
391                m.preMultiply(testVector);
392                fail("expecting IllegalArgumentException");
393            } catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
394                // ignored
395            }
396        }
397        
398        public void testPremultiply() {
399            RealMatrix m3 = new BlockRealMatrix(d3);   
400            RealMatrix m4 = new BlockRealMatrix(d4);
401            RealMatrix m5 = new BlockRealMatrix(d5);
402            assertClose(m4.preMultiply(m3), m5, entryTolerance);
403            
404            BlockRealMatrix m = new BlockRealMatrix(testData);
405            BlockRealMatrix mInv = new BlockRealMatrix(testDataInv);
406            BlockRealMatrix identity = new BlockRealMatrix(id);
407            assertClose(m.preMultiply(mInv), identity, entryTolerance);
408            assertClose(mInv.preMultiply(m), identity, entryTolerance);
409            assertClose(m.preMultiply(identity), m, entryTolerance);
410            assertClose(identity.preMultiply(mInv), mInv, entryTolerance);
411            try {
412                m.preMultiply(new BlockRealMatrix(bigSingular));
413                fail("Expecting illegalArgumentException");
414            } catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
415                // ignored
416            }      
417        }
418        
419        public void testGetVectors() {
420            RealMatrix m = new BlockRealMatrix(testData);
421            assertClose(m.getRow(0), testDataRow1, entryTolerance);
422            assertClose(m.getColumn(2), testDataCol3, entryTolerance);
423            try {
424                m.getRow(10);
425                fail("expecting MatrixIndexException");
426            } catch (MatrixIndexException ex) {
427                // ignored
428            }
429            try {
430                m.getColumn(-1);
431                fail("expecting MatrixIndexException");
432            } catch (MatrixIndexException ex) {
433                // ignored
434            }
435        }
436        
437        public void testGetEntry() {
438            RealMatrix m = new BlockRealMatrix(testData);
439            assertEquals("get entry",m.getEntry(0,1),2d,entryTolerance);
440            try {
441                m.getEntry(10, 4);
442                fail ("Expecting MatrixIndexException");
443            } catch (MatrixIndexException ex) {
444                // expected
445            }
446        }
447            
448        /** test examples in user guide */
449        public void testExamples() {
450            // Create a real matrix with two rows and three columns
451            double[][] matrixData = { {1d,2d,3d}, {2d,5d,3d}};
452            RealMatrix m = new BlockRealMatrix(matrixData);
453            // One more with three rows, two columns
454            double[][] matrixData2 = { {1d,2d}, {2d,5d}, {1d, 7d}};
455            RealMatrix n = new BlockRealMatrix(matrixData2);
456            // Now multiply m by n
457            RealMatrix p = m.multiply(n);
458            assertEquals(2, p.getRowDimension());
459            assertEquals(2, p.getColumnDimension());
460            // Invert p
461            RealMatrix pInverse = new LUDecompositionImpl(p).getSolver().getInverse(); 
462            assertEquals(2, pInverse.getRowDimension());
463            assertEquals(2, pInverse.getColumnDimension());
464            
465            // Solve example
466            double[][] coefficientsData = {{2, 3, -2}, {-1, 7, 6}, {4, -3, -5}};
467            RealMatrix coefficients = new BlockRealMatrix(coefficientsData);
468            double[] constants = {1, -2, 1};
469            double[] solution = new LUDecompositionImpl(coefficients).getSolver().solve(constants);
470            assertEquals(2 * solution[0] + 3 * solution[1] -2 * solution[2], constants[0], 1E-12);
471            assertEquals(-1 * solution[0] + 7 * solution[1] + 6 * solution[2], constants[1], 1E-12);
472            assertEquals(4 * solution[0] - 3 * solution[1] -5 * solution[2], constants[2], 1E-12);   
473            
474        }
475        
476        // test submatrix accessors
477        public void testGetSubMatrix() {
478            RealMatrix m = new BlockRealMatrix(subTestData);
479            checkGetSubMatrix(m, subRows23Cols00,  2 , 3 , 0, 0);
480            checkGetSubMatrix(m, subRows00Cols33,  0 , 0 , 3, 3);
481            checkGetSubMatrix(m, subRows01Cols23,  0 , 1 , 2, 3);   
482            checkGetSubMatrix(m, subRows02Cols13,  new int[] { 0, 2 }, new int[] { 1, 3 });  
483            checkGetSubMatrix(m, subRows03Cols12,  new int[] { 0, 3 }, new int[] { 1, 2 });  
484            checkGetSubMatrix(m, subRows03Cols123, new int[] { 0, 3 }, new int[] { 1, 2, 3 }); 
485            checkGetSubMatrix(m, subRows20Cols123, new int[] { 2, 0 }, new int[] { 1, 2, 3 }); 
486            checkGetSubMatrix(m, subRows31Cols31,  new int[] { 3, 1 }, new int[] { 3, 1 }); 
487            checkGetSubMatrix(m, subRows31Cols31,  new int[] { 3, 1 }, new int[] { 3, 1 }); 
488            checkGetSubMatrix(m, null,  1, 0, 2, 4);
489            checkGetSubMatrix(m, null, -1, 1, 2, 2);
490            checkGetSubMatrix(m, null,  1, 0, 2, 2);
491            checkGetSubMatrix(m, null,  1, 0, 2, 4);
492            checkGetSubMatrix(m, null, new int[] {},    new int[] { 0 });
493            checkGetSubMatrix(m, null, new int[] { 0 }, new int[] { 4 });
494        }
495    
496        private void checkGetSubMatrix(RealMatrix m, double[][] reference,
497                                       int startRow, int endRow, int startColumn, int endColumn) {
498            try {
499                RealMatrix sub = m.getSubMatrix(startRow, endRow, startColumn, endColumn);
500                if (reference != null) {
501                     assertEquals(new BlockRealMatrix(reference), sub);
502                } else {
503                    fail("Expecting MatrixIndexException");
504                }
505            } catch (MatrixIndexException e) {
506                if (reference != null) {
507                    throw e;
508                }
509            }
510        }
511        
512        private void checkGetSubMatrix(RealMatrix m, double[][] reference,
513                                       int[] selectedRows, int[] selectedColumns) {
514            try {
515                RealMatrix sub = m.getSubMatrix(selectedRows, selectedColumns);
516                if (reference != null) {
517                    assertEquals(new BlockRealMatrix(reference), sub);
518                } else {
519                    fail("Expecting MatrixIndexException");
520                }
521            } catch (MatrixIndexException e) {
522                if (reference != null) {
523                    throw e;
524                }
525            }
526        }
527    
528        public void testGetSetMatrixLarge() {
529            int n = 3 * BlockRealMatrix.BLOCK_SIZE;
530            RealMatrix m = new BlockRealMatrix(n, n);
531            RealMatrix sub = new BlockRealMatrix(n - 4, n - 4).scalarAdd(1);
532    
533            m.setSubMatrix(sub.getData(), 2, 2);
534            for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
535                for (int j = 0; j < n; ++j) {
536                    if ((i < 2) || (i > n - 3) || (j < 2) || (j > n - 3)) {
537                        assertEquals(0.0, m.getEntry(i, j), 0.0);
538                    } else {
539                        assertEquals(1.0, m.getEntry(i, j), 0.0);
540                    }
541                }
542            }
543            assertEquals(sub, m.getSubMatrix(2, n - 3, 2, n - 3));
544    
545        }
546    
547        public void testCopySubMatrix() {
548            RealMatrix m = new BlockRealMatrix(subTestData);
549            checkCopy(m, subRows23Cols00,  2 , 3 , 0, 0);
550            checkCopy(m, subRows00Cols33,  0 , 0 , 3, 3);
551            checkCopy(m, subRows01Cols23,  0 , 1 , 2, 3);   
552            checkCopy(m, subRows02Cols13,  new int[] { 0, 2 }, new int[] { 1, 3 });  
553            checkCopy(m, subRows03Cols12,  new int[] { 0, 3 }, new int[] { 1, 2 });  
554            checkCopy(m, subRows03Cols123, new int[] { 0, 3 }, new int[] { 1, 2, 3 }); 
555            checkCopy(m, subRows20Cols123, new int[] { 2, 0 }, new int[] { 1, 2, 3 }); 
556            checkCopy(m, subRows31Cols31,  new int[] { 3, 1 }, new int[] { 3, 1 }); 
557            checkCopy(m, subRows31Cols31,  new int[] { 3, 1 }, new int[] { 3, 1 }); 
558            
559            checkCopy(m, null,  1, 0, 2, 4);
560            checkCopy(m, null, -1, 1, 2, 2);
561            checkCopy(m, null,  1, 0, 2, 2);
562            checkCopy(m, null,  1, 0, 2, 4);
563            checkCopy(m, null, new int[] {},    new int[] { 0 });
564            checkCopy(m, null, new int[] { 0 }, new int[] { 4 });
565        }
566    
567        private void checkCopy(RealMatrix m, double[][] reference,
568                               int startRow, int endRow, int startColumn, int endColumn) {
569            try {
570                double[][] sub = (reference == null) ?
571                                 new double[1][1] :
572                                 new double[reference.length][reference[0].length];
573                m.copySubMatrix(startRow, endRow, startColumn, endColumn, sub);
574                if (reference != null) {
575                    assertEquals(new BlockRealMatrix(reference), new BlockRealMatrix(sub));
576                } else {
577                    fail("Expecting MatrixIndexException");
578                }
579            } catch (MatrixIndexException e) {
580                if (reference != null) {
581                    throw e;
582                }
583            }
584        }
585        
586        private void checkCopy(RealMatrix m, double[][] reference,
587                               int[] selectedRows, int[] selectedColumns) {
588            try {
589                double[][] sub = (reference == null) ?
590                        new double[1][1] :
591                        new double[reference.length][reference[0].length];
592                m.copySubMatrix(selectedRows, selectedColumns, sub);
593                if (reference != null) {
594                    assertEquals(new BlockRealMatrix(reference), new BlockRealMatrix(sub));
595                } else {
596                    fail("Expecting MatrixIndexException");
597                }
598            } catch (MatrixIndexException e) {
599                if (reference != null) {
600                    throw e;
601                }
602            }
603        }
604    
605        public void testGetRowMatrix() {
606            RealMatrix m     = new BlockRealMatrix(subTestData);
607            RealMatrix mRow0 = new BlockRealMatrix(subRow0);
608            RealMatrix mRow3 = new BlockRealMatrix(subRow3);
609            assertEquals("Row0", mRow0, m.getRowMatrix(0));
610            assertEquals("Row3", mRow3, m.getRowMatrix(3));
611            try {
612                m.getRowMatrix(-1);
613                fail("Expecting MatrixIndexException");
614            } catch (MatrixIndexException ex) {
615                // expected
616            }
617            try {
618                m.getRowMatrix(4);
619                fail("Expecting MatrixIndexException");
620            } catch (MatrixIndexException ex) {
621                // expected
622            }
623        }
624    
625        public void testSetRowMatrix() {
626            RealMatrix m = new BlockRealMatrix(subTestData);
627            RealMatrix mRow3 = new BlockRealMatrix(subRow3);
628            assertNotSame(mRow3, m.getRowMatrix(0));
629            m.setRowMatrix(0, mRow3);
630            assertEquals(mRow3, m.getRowMatrix(0));
631            try {
632                m.setRowMatrix(-1, mRow3);
633                fail("Expecting MatrixIndexException");
634            } catch (MatrixIndexException ex) {
635                // expected
636            }
637            try {
638                m.setRowMatrix(0, m);
639                fail("Expecting InvalidMatrixException");
640            } catch (InvalidMatrixException ex) {
641                // expected
642            }
643        }
644        
645        public void testGetSetRowMatrixLarge() {
646            int n = 3 * BlockRealMatrix.BLOCK_SIZE;
647            RealMatrix m = new BlockRealMatrix(n, n);
648            RealMatrix sub = new BlockRealMatrix(1, n).scalarAdd(1);
649    
650            m.setRowMatrix(2, sub);
651            for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
652                for (int j = 0; j < n; ++j) {
653                    if (i != 2) {
654                        assertEquals(0.0, m.getEntry(i, j), 0.0);
655                    } else {
656                        assertEquals(1.0, m.getEntry(i, j), 0.0);
657                    }
658                }
659            }
660            assertEquals(sub, m.getRowMatrix(2));
661    
662        }
663        
664        public void testGetColumnMatrix() {
665            RealMatrix m = new BlockRealMatrix(subTestData);
666            RealMatrix mColumn1 = new BlockRealMatrix(subColumn1);
667            RealMatrix mColumn3 = new BlockRealMatrix(subColumn3);
668            assertEquals(mColumn1, m.getColumnMatrix(1));
669            assertEquals(mColumn3, m.getColumnMatrix(3));
670            try {
671                m.getColumnMatrix(-1);
672                fail("Expecting MatrixIndexException");
673            } catch (MatrixIndexException ex) {
674                // expected
675            }
676            try {
677                m.getColumnMatrix(4);
678                fail("Expecting MatrixIndexException");
679            } catch (MatrixIndexException ex) {
680                // expected
681            }
682        }
683    
684        public void testSetColumnMatrix() {
685            RealMatrix m = new BlockRealMatrix(subTestData);
686            RealMatrix mColumn3 = new BlockRealMatrix(subColumn3);
687            assertNotSame(mColumn3, m.getColumnMatrix(1));
688            m.setColumnMatrix(1, mColumn3);
689            assertEquals(mColumn3, m.getColumnMatrix(1));
690            try {
691                m.setColumnMatrix(-1, mColumn3);
692                fail("Expecting MatrixIndexException");
693            } catch (MatrixIndexException ex) {
694                // expected
695            }
696            try {
697                m.setColumnMatrix(0, m);
698                fail("Expecting InvalidMatrixException");
699            } catch (InvalidMatrixException ex) {
700                // expected
701            }
702        }
703    
704        public void testGetSetColumnMatrixLarge() {
705            int n = 3 * BlockRealMatrix.BLOCK_SIZE;
706            RealMatrix m = new BlockRealMatrix(n, n);
707            RealMatrix sub = new BlockRealMatrix(n, 1).scalarAdd(1);
708    
709            m.setColumnMatrix(2, sub);
710            for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
711                for (int j = 0; j < n; ++j) {
712                    if (j != 2) {
713                        assertEquals(0.0, m.getEntry(i, j), 0.0);
714                    } else {
715                        assertEquals(1.0, m.getEntry(i, j), 0.0);
716                    }
717                }
718            }
719            assertEquals(sub, m.getColumnMatrix(2));
720    
721        }
722        
723        public void testGetRowVector() {
724            RealMatrix m = new BlockRealMatrix(subTestData);
725            RealVector mRow0 = new ArrayRealVector(subRow0[0]);
726            RealVector mRow3 = new ArrayRealVector(subRow3[0]);
727            assertEquals(mRow0, m.getRowVector(0));
728            assertEquals(mRow3, m.getRowVector(3));
729            try {
730                m.getRowVector(-1);
731                fail("Expecting MatrixIndexException");
732            } catch (MatrixIndexException ex) {
733                // expected
734            }
735            try {
736                m.getRowVector(4);
737                fail("Expecting MatrixIndexException");
738            } catch (MatrixIndexException ex) {
739                // expected
740            }
741        }
742    
743        public void testSetRowVector() {
744            RealMatrix m = new BlockRealMatrix(subTestData);
745            RealVector mRow3 = new ArrayRealVector(subRow3[0]);
746            assertNotSame(mRow3, m.getRowMatrix(0));
747            m.setRowVector(0, mRow3);
748            assertEquals(mRow3, m.getRowVector(0));
749            try {
750                m.setRowVector(-1, mRow3);
751                fail("Expecting MatrixIndexException");
752            } catch (MatrixIndexException ex) {
753                // expected
754            }
755            try {
756                m.setRowVector(0, new ArrayRealVector(5));
757                fail("Expecting InvalidMatrixException");
758            } catch (InvalidMatrixException ex) {
759                // expected
760            }
761        }
762    
763        public void testGetSetRowVectorLarge() {
764            int n = 3 * BlockRealMatrix.BLOCK_SIZE;
765            RealMatrix m = new BlockRealMatrix(n, n);
766            RealVector sub = new ArrayRealVector(n, 1.0);
767    
768            m.setRowVector(2, sub);
769            for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
770                for (int j = 0; j < n; ++j) {
771                    if (i != 2) {
772                        assertEquals(0.0, m.getEntry(i, j), 0.0);
773                    } else {
774                        assertEquals(1.0, m.getEntry(i, j), 0.0);
775                    }
776                }
777            }
778            assertEquals(sub, m.getRowVector(2));
779    
780        }
781        
782        public void testGetColumnVector() {
783            RealMatrix m = new BlockRealMatrix(subTestData);
784            RealVector mColumn1 = columnToVector(subColumn1);
785            RealVector mColumn3 = columnToVector(subColumn3);
786            assertEquals(mColumn1, m.getColumnVector(1));
787            assertEquals(mColumn3, m.getColumnVector(3));
788            try {
789                m.getColumnVector(-1);
790                fail("Expecting MatrixIndexException");
791            } catch (MatrixIndexException ex) {
792                // expected
793            }
794            try {
795                m.getColumnVector(4);
796                fail("Expecting MatrixIndexException");
797            } catch (MatrixIndexException ex) {
798                // expected
799            }
800        }
801    
802        public void testSetColumnVector() {
803            RealMatrix m = new BlockRealMatrix(subTestData);
804            RealVector mColumn3 = columnToVector(subColumn3);
805            assertNotSame(mColumn3, m.getColumnVector(1));
806            m.setColumnVector(1, mColumn3);
807            assertEquals(mColumn3, m.getColumnVector(1));
808            try {
809                m.setColumnVector(-1, mColumn3);
810                fail("Expecting MatrixIndexException");
811            } catch (MatrixIndexException ex) {
812                // expected
813            }
814            try {
815                m.setColumnVector(0, new ArrayRealVector(5));
816                fail("Expecting InvalidMatrixException");
817            } catch (InvalidMatrixException ex) {
818                // expected
819            }
820        }
821    
822        public void testGetSetColumnVectorLarge() {
823            int n = 3 * BlockRealMatrix.BLOCK_SIZE;
824            RealMatrix m = new BlockRealMatrix(n, n);
825            RealVector sub = new ArrayRealVector(n, 1.0);
826    
827            m.setColumnVector(2, sub);
828            for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
829                for (int j = 0; j < n; ++j) {
830                    if (j != 2) {
831                        assertEquals(0.0, m.getEntry(i, j), 0.0);
832                    } else {
833                        assertEquals(1.0, m.getEntry(i, j), 0.0);
834                    }
835                }
836            }
837            assertEquals(sub, m.getColumnVector(2));
838    
839        }
840        
841        private RealVector columnToVector(double[][] column) {
842            double[] data = new double[column.length];
843            for (int i = 0; i < data.length; ++i) {
844                data[i] = column[i][0];
845            }
846            return new ArrayRealVector(data, false);
847        }
848    
849        public void testGetRow() {
850            RealMatrix m = new BlockRealMatrix(subTestData);
851            checkArrays(subRow0[0], m.getRow(0));
852            checkArrays(subRow3[0], m.getRow(3));
853            try {
854                m.getRow(-1);
855                fail("Expecting MatrixIndexException");
856            } catch (MatrixIndexException ex) {
857                // expected
858            }
859            try {
860                m.getRow(4);
861                fail("Expecting MatrixIndexException");
862            } catch (MatrixIndexException ex) {
863                // expected
864            }
865        }
866    
867        public void testSetRow() {
868            RealMatrix m = new BlockRealMatrix(subTestData);
869            assertTrue(subRow3[0][0] != m.getRow(0)[0]);
870            m.setRow(0, subRow3[0]);
871            checkArrays(subRow3[0], m.getRow(0));
872            try {
873                m.setRow(-1, subRow3[0]);
874                fail("Expecting MatrixIndexException");
875            } catch (MatrixIndexException ex) {
876                // expected
877            }
878            try {
879                m.setRow(0, new double[5]);
880                fail("Expecting InvalidMatrixException");
881            } catch (InvalidMatrixException ex) {
882                // expected
883            }
884        }
885    
886        public void testGetSetRowLarge() {
887            int n = 3 * BlockRealMatrix.BLOCK_SIZE;
888            RealMatrix m = new BlockRealMatrix(n, n);
889            double[] sub = new double[n];
890            Arrays.fill(sub, 1.0);
891    
892            m.setRow(2, sub);
893            for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
894                for (int j = 0; j < n; ++j) {
895                    if (i != 2) {
896                        assertEquals(0.0, m.getEntry(i, j), 0.0);
897                    } else {
898                        assertEquals(1.0, m.getEntry(i, j), 0.0);
899                    }
900                }
901            }
902            checkArrays(sub, m.getRow(2));
903    
904        }
905        
906        public void testGetColumn() {
907            RealMatrix m = new BlockRealMatrix(subTestData);
908            double[] mColumn1 = columnToArray(subColumn1);
909            double[] mColumn3 = columnToArray(subColumn3);
910            checkArrays(mColumn1, m.getColumn(1));
911            checkArrays(mColumn3, m.getColumn(3));
912            try {
913                m.getColumn(-1);
914                fail("Expecting MatrixIndexException");
915            } catch (MatrixIndexException ex) {
916                // expected
917            }
918            try {
919                m.getColumn(4);
920                fail("Expecting MatrixIndexException");
921            } catch (MatrixIndexException ex) {
922                // expected
923            }
924        }
925    
926        public void testSetColumn() {
927            RealMatrix m = new BlockRealMatrix(subTestData);
928            double[] mColumn3 = columnToArray(subColumn3);
929            assertTrue(mColumn3[0] != m.getColumn(1)[0]);
930            m.setColumn(1, mColumn3);
931            checkArrays(mColumn3, m.getColumn(1));
932            try {
933                m.setColumn(-1, mColumn3);
934                fail("Expecting MatrixIndexException");
935            } catch (MatrixIndexException ex) {
936                // expected
937            }
938            try {
939                m.setColumn(0, new double[5]);
940                fail("Expecting InvalidMatrixException");
941            } catch (InvalidMatrixException ex) {
942                // expected
943            }
944        }
945    
946        public void testGetSetColumnLarge() {
947            int n = 3 * BlockRealMatrix.BLOCK_SIZE;
948            RealMatrix m = new BlockRealMatrix(n, n);
949            double[] sub = new double[n];
950            Arrays.fill(sub, 1.0);
951    
952            m.setColumn(2, sub);
953            for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
954                for (int j = 0; j < n; ++j) {
955                    if (j != 2) {
956                        assertEquals(0.0, m.getEntry(i, j), 0.0);
957                    } else {
958                        assertEquals(1.0, m.getEntry(i, j), 0.0);
959                    }
960                }
961            }
962            checkArrays(sub, m.getColumn(2));
963    
964        }
965        
966        private double[] columnToArray(double[][] column) {
967            double[] data = new double[column.length];
968            for (int i = 0; i < data.length; ++i) {
969                data[i] = column[i][0];
970            }
971            return data;
972        }
973    
974        private void checkArrays(double[] expected, double[] actual) {
975            assertEquals(expected.length, actual.length);
976            for (int i = 0; i < expected.length; ++i) {
977                assertEquals(expected[i], actual[i]);            
978            }
979        }
980        
981        public void testEqualsAndHashCode() {
982            BlockRealMatrix m = new BlockRealMatrix(testData);
983            BlockRealMatrix m1 = (BlockRealMatrix) m.copy();
984            BlockRealMatrix mt = (BlockRealMatrix) m.transpose();
985            assertTrue(m.hashCode() != mt.hashCode());
986            assertEquals(m.hashCode(), m1.hashCode());
987            assertEquals(m, m);
988            assertEquals(m, m1);
989            assertFalse(m.equals(null));
990            assertFalse(m.equals(mt));
991            assertFalse(m.equals(new BlockRealMatrix(bigSingular))); 
992        }
993        
994        public void testToString() {
995            BlockRealMatrix m = new BlockRealMatrix(testData);
996            assertEquals("BlockRealMatrix{{1.0,2.0,3.0},{2.0,5.0,3.0},{1.0,0.0,8.0}}",
997                    m.toString());
998        }
999        
1000        public void testSetSubMatrix() throws Exception {
1001            BlockRealMatrix m = new BlockRealMatrix(testData);
1002            m.setSubMatrix(detData2,1,1);
1003            RealMatrix expected = new BlockRealMatrix
1004                (new double[][] {{1.0,2.0,3.0},{2.0,1.0,3.0},{1.0,2.0,4.0}});
1005            assertEquals(expected, m);  
1006            
1007            m.setSubMatrix(detData2,0,0);
1008            expected = new BlockRealMatrix
1009                (new double[][] {{1.0,3.0,3.0},{2.0,4.0,3.0},{1.0,2.0,4.0}});
1010            assertEquals(expected, m);  
1011            
1012            m.setSubMatrix(testDataPlus2,0,0);      
1013            expected = new BlockRealMatrix
1014                (new double[][] {{3.0,4.0,5.0},{4.0,7.0,5.0},{3.0,2.0,10.0}});
1015            assertEquals(expected, m);   
1016            
1017            // javadoc example
1018            BlockRealMatrix matrix = new BlockRealMatrix
1019                (new double[][] {{1, 2, 3, 4}, {5, 6, 7, 8}, {9, 0, 1 , 2}});
1020            matrix.setSubMatrix(new double[][] {{3, 4}, {5, 6}}, 1, 1);
1021            expected = new BlockRealMatrix
1022                (new double[][] {{1, 2, 3, 4}, {5, 3, 4, 8}, {9, 5 ,6, 2}});
1023            assertEquals(expected, matrix);   
1024    
1025            // dimension overflow
1026            try {  
1027                m.setSubMatrix(testData,1,1);
1028                fail("expecting MatrixIndexException");
1029            } catch (MatrixIndexException e) {
1030                // expected
1031            }
1032            // dimension underflow
1033            try {  
1034                m.setSubMatrix(testData,-1,1);
1035                fail("expecting MatrixIndexException");
1036            } catch (MatrixIndexException e) {
1037                // expected
1038            }
1039            try {  
1040                m.setSubMatrix(testData,1,-1);
1041                fail("expecting MatrixIndexException");
1042            } catch (MatrixIndexException e) {
1043                // expected
1044            }
1045            
1046            // null
1047            try {
1048                m.setSubMatrix(null,1,1);
1049                fail("expecting NullPointerException");
1050            } catch (NullPointerException e) {
1051                // expected
1052            }
1053            
1054            // ragged
1055            try {
1056                m.setSubMatrix(new double[][] {{1}, {2, 3}}, 0, 0);
1057                fail("expecting IllegalArgumentException");
1058            } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
1059                // expected
1060            }
1061           
1062            // empty
1063            try {
1064                m.setSubMatrix(new double[][] {{}}, 0, 0);
1065                fail("expecting IllegalArgumentException");
1066            } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
1067                // expected
1068            }
1069            
1070        }
1071    
1072        public void testWalk() {
1073            int rows    = 150;
1074            int columns = 75;
1075    
1076            RealMatrix m = new BlockRealMatrix(rows, columns);
1077            m.walkInRowOrder(new SetVisitor());
1078            GetVisitor getVisitor = new GetVisitor();
1079            m.walkInOptimizedOrder(getVisitor);
1080            assertEquals(rows * columns, getVisitor.getCount());
1081    
1082            m = new BlockRealMatrix(rows, columns);
1083            m.walkInRowOrder(new SetVisitor(), 1, rows - 2, 1, columns - 2);
1084            getVisitor = new GetVisitor();
1085            m.walkInOptimizedOrder(getVisitor, 1, rows - 2, 1, columns - 2);
1086            assertEquals((rows - 2) * (columns - 2), getVisitor.getCount());
1087            for (int i = 0; i < rows; ++i) {
1088                assertEquals(0.0, m.getEntry(i, 0), 0);                    
1089                assertEquals(0.0, m.getEntry(i, columns - 1), 0);
1090            }
1091            for (int j = 0; j < columns; ++j) {
1092                assertEquals(0.0, m.getEntry(0, j), 0);                    
1093                assertEquals(0.0, m.getEntry(rows - 1, j), 0);
1094            }
1095    
1096            m = new BlockRealMatrix(rows, columns);
1097            m.walkInColumnOrder(new SetVisitor());
1098            getVisitor = new GetVisitor();
1099            m.walkInOptimizedOrder(getVisitor);
1100            assertEquals(rows * columns, getVisitor.getCount());
1101    
1102            m = new BlockRealMatrix(rows, columns);
1103            m.walkInColumnOrder(new SetVisitor(), 1, rows - 2, 1, columns - 2);
1104            getVisitor = new GetVisitor();
1105            m.walkInOptimizedOrder(getVisitor, 1, rows - 2, 1, columns - 2);
1106            assertEquals((rows - 2) * (columns - 2), getVisitor.getCount());
1107            for (int i = 0; i < rows; ++i) {
1108                assertEquals(0.0, m.getEntry(i, 0), 0);                    
1109                assertEquals(0.0, m.getEntry(i, columns - 1), 0);
1110            }
1111            for (int j = 0; j < columns; ++j) {
1112                assertEquals(0.0, m.getEntry(0, j), 0);                    
1113                assertEquals(0.0, m.getEntry(rows - 1, j), 0);
1114            }
1115    
1116            m = new BlockRealMatrix(rows, columns);
1117            m.walkInOptimizedOrder(new SetVisitor());
1118            getVisitor = new GetVisitor();
1119            m.walkInRowOrder(getVisitor);
1120            assertEquals(rows * columns, getVisitor.getCount());
1121    
1122            m = new BlockRealMatrix(rows, columns);
1123            m.walkInOptimizedOrder(new SetVisitor(), 1, rows - 2, 1, columns - 2);
1124            getVisitor = new GetVisitor();
1125            m.walkInRowOrder(getVisitor, 1, rows - 2, 1, columns - 2);
1126            assertEquals((rows - 2) * (columns - 2), getVisitor.getCount());
1127            for (int i = 0; i < rows; ++i) {
1128                assertEquals(0.0, m.getEntry(i, 0), 0);                    
1129                assertEquals(0.0, m.getEntry(i, columns - 1), 0);
1130            }
1131            for (int j = 0; j < columns; ++j) {
1132                assertEquals(0.0, m.getEntry(0, j), 0);                    
1133                assertEquals(0.0, m.getEntry(rows - 1, j), 0);
1134            }
1135    
1136            m = new BlockRealMatrix(rows, columns);
1137            m.walkInOptimizedOrder(new SetVisitor());
1138            getVisitor = new GetVisitor();
1139            m.walkInColumnOrder(getVisitor);
1140            assertEquals(rows * columns, getVisitor.getCount());
1141    
1142            m = new BlockRealMatrix(rows, columns);
1143            m.walkInOptimizedOrder(new SetVisitor(), 1, rows - 2, 1, columns - 2);
1144            getVisitor = new GetVisitor();
1145            m.walkInColumnOrder(getVisitor, 1, rows - 2, 1, columns - 2);
1146            assertEquals((rows - 2) * (columns - 2), getVisitor.getCount());
1147            for (int i = 0; i < rows; ++i) {
1148                assertEquals(0.0, m.getEntry(i, 0), 0);                    
1149                assertEquals(0.0, m.getEntry(i, columns - 1), 0);
1150            }
1151            for (int j = 0; j < columns; ++j) {
1152                assertEquals(0.0, m.getEntry(0, j), 0);                    
1153                assertEquals(0.0, m.getEntry(rows - 1, j), 0);
1154            }
1155    
1156        }
1157        
1158        public void testSerial()  {
1159            BlockRealMatrix m = new BlockRealMatrix(testData);
1160            assertEquals(m,TestUtils.serializeAndRecover(m));
1161        }
1162    
1163        private static class SetVisitor extends DefaultRealMatrixChangingVisitor {
1164            @Override
1165            public double visit(int i, int j, double value) {
1166                return i + j / 1024.0;
1167            }
1168        }
1169    
1170        private static class GetVisitor extends DefaultRealMatrixPreservingVisitor {
1171            private int count = 0;
1172            @Override
1173            public void visit(int i, int j, double value) {
1174                ++count;
1175                assertEquals(i + j / 1024.0, value, 0.0);
1176            }
1177            public int getCount() {
1178                return count;
1179            }
1180        }
1181    
1182        //--------------- -----------------Protected methods
1183            
1184        /** verifies that two matrices are close (1-norm) */              
1185        protected void assertClose(RealMatrix m, RealMatrix n, double tolerance) {
1186            assertTrue(m.subtract(n).getNorm() < tolerance);
1187        }
1188        
1189        /** verifies that two vectors are close (sup norm) */
1190        protected void assertClose(double[] m, double[] n, double tolerance) {
1191            if (m.length != n.length) {
1192                fail("vectors not same length");
1193            }
1194            for (int i = 0; i < m.length; i++) {
1195                assertEquals(m[i], n[i], tolerance);
1196            }
1197        }
1198    
1199        private BlockRealMatrix createRandomMatrix(Random r, int rows, int columns) {
1200            BlockRealMatrix m = new BlockRealMatrix(rows, columns);
1201            for (int i = 0; i < rows; ++i) {
1202                for (int j = 0; j < columns; ++j) {
1203                    m.setEntry(i, j, 200 * r.nextDouble() - 100);
1204                }
1205            }
1206            return m;
1207        }
1208        
1209    }
1210